Joanne B. Holstein is a Becker Bible Studies teacher and author of Guided Bible Studies for Hungry Christians. She has received her Master of Science degree in Psychology/Christian Counseling with honors from Liberty University. She is well-known as a counselor to Christian faithful who are struggling with tremendous burden in these difficult times. She is a leading authority on the history of development of the Christian churches and the practices and beliefs of world religions and cults.
Smyrna was a Roman province of Asia, it was on the Aegean shore of what is now Asiatic Turkey. Today Smyrna is Izmir in Turkey and is the second largest city in Asiatic Turkey.
ohn was instructed to write the letter unto the angel of the church of Ephesus saying; “These things said he that hold the seven stars in his right hand, who walks in the midst of the seven golden candlesticks. (Revelation 2:1).
Jesus revealed himself to John and then instructed him to write to the seven churches. Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood, and has made us kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion for ever and ever.
It is believed that the East Gate, Beautiful Gate is also referred to as the Golden Gate. It is believed by Christians that the Golden Gate is the gate in which Jesus passed through on Palm Sunday.
Horse Gate near the Temple area and north of the Water Gate. “From above the horse gate repaired the priests, every one over against his house.” (Nehemiah 3: 28).
The Water Gate was one of the principal gates on the east side of Jerusalem. Water Gate was in the vicinity of the Gihon Spring which was an important source of water for Jerusalem.
Fountain Gate was located in the southeast corner of Jerusalem in the vicinity of the Enrogel spring. Only a few hundred yards from the Dung Gate. The Fountain Gate probably provided access to the Pool of Siloam where the Gihon Spring was channeled.
Dung Gate was located in the southeast corner of Jerusalem. The purpose of the gate is where the garbage was dumped to Jerusalem. The holy city of Jerusalem was to be a clean city if it was to be a holy city. Today it is known as Zion Gate.
The Valley Gate was located in the southwest corner of Jerusalem. It opens to the Valley of Hinnom which circles around Jerusalem from the west to the south of the city. This is the gate where Nehemiah began his nocturnal inspection of the walls shortly after his arrival in Jerusalem